Warder Cresson or as he was known with his Jewish name Michoel Boaz Yisroel ben Avraham (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, July 13, 1798 - Jerusalem Nov. 6, 1860) was a religious enthusiast, and convert to Judaism. He was directly descended from Pierre Cresson, one of the settlers of Harlem, NY, whose grandson, Solomon, migrated to Philadelphia about the beginning of the eighteenth century. Warder Cresson's father, the grandson of Pierre Cresson, was John Elliott Cresson (1773–1814), who married in 1795 Mary Warder.
Warder Cresson, as a young man, was much given to speculation upon religious and sociological questions. Though all in his family were Quakers, and he was reared in that faith, in 1830 he published a pamphlet entitled Babylon the Great Is Falling! The Morning Star, or Light from on High, in which he deplores the extravagance and evil tendencies of the times, and exhorts all Quakers to lead a better and less wayward life. He now went through a period of strong religious mania, joining successively, various sects as each appeared to him to represent the true religion. About 1840, he made the acquaintance of Isaac Leeser, who took an interest in him, and he became deeply attached to Judaism, discarding all his other forms of belief. On May 17, 1844, he was commissioned consul at Jerusalem (the first to be so commissioned). The commission was recalled before he arrived in Jerusalem, unbeknowest to him. Thus no despatches from him are now on file in the Department of State. He speaks of his departure for Jerusalem as follows:
"In the spring of 1844 I left everything near and dear to me on earth. I left the wife of my youth and six lovely children (dearer to me than my natural life), and an excellent farm with everything comfortable around me. I left all these in the pursuit of the Truth, and for the sake of the Truth alone."
...He was much affected by the surroundings of the Jerusalem, became more and more inclined toward Judaism, and assumed the name Michoel C. Boaz Israel. During these years (1844–1848) he was a frequent contributor to Isaac Leeser's magazine, The Occident, devoting much space to a criticism of the methods of the London Society for the Conversion of the Jews. While in Jerusalem he identified himself with the Sephardic community, and was on terms of intimacy with Chacham Jehiel Cohen and the next chief rabbi, Elyashar.
In 1848, he determined to become a Jew, and in March of that year, after much opposition from the beth din and the chief rabbi, Abraham Chai Gagin, he was circumcised and received into Judaism. He returned to Philadelphia in Sept., 1848, to arrange his affairs in order that he might pass the remainder of his days in Jerusalem.
When his wife and family learned of his determination they interposed every possible obstacle to the execution of his plans...They regarded his actions as indicative of a loss of mind, and in May, 1849, his wife (Elizabeth Townsend) and his son Jacob applied to the court and obtained a commission in lunacy...The decision of the lower court was reversed, and Cresson was discharged.
...During the period of his stay in Philadelphia he was a regular attendant at the Mikve Israel synagogue, taking part in the Jewish communal life, and rigorously observing the ceremonial laws.
...Soon after the trial he returned to Jerusalem and actively supported the efforts then being made for the agricultural regeneration of Palestine. In the fall of 1852, when Sir Moses Montefiore and Judah Touro were working along the same lines, he announced his intention of establishing an agricultural colony in the valley of Rephaïm...But, the means not being forthcoming, his plans were doomed to failure...He married a Sephardic woman shortly after his return to Jerusalem. He lived the life of a pious Oriental Jew, dressed as a native Sephardi, and became a prominent leader of the community. At his death he was buried on the Mount of Olives, with such honors as are paid only to a prominent rabbi.
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