Bernie’s Kibbutz – A Research Challenge

As we know, the known extent of Senator Bernie Sanders’ Israel connection was a stay of a few months at Kibbutz Sha’ar HaAmakim in 1963. A report notes he was “a guest”. In other words, he may not have been a volunteer picking apples or pears but there was a specific reach-out, either by him or by the kibbutz or the Mapam Marxist party that supervised the affairs of the kibbutz, a member of Mapam’s Kibbutz Artzi Federation. But that is just a supposition. 

On the other hand, married couples usually did not come together as part of the ethos of going to kibbutz was the less-than-stringent sexual mores practiced at such places.

Perhaps either he or his then wife, Deborah Shiling now Messing, have friends or relatives there? It is claimed his older brother, Larry, was spending some time there. Had either of them been a member of the HaShomer HaTzair Zionist youth movement that commited its member to settle on kibbutz? If, indeed, his brother was there, perhaps he was in HaShaomer HaTzair and Bernie followed.

Sha’ar Ha’Amakim celebrated 25 years of its founder settling on the land and the headline of the article in the Mapam daily, “Al HaMishmar, of May 27, 1958, reviewing its history, read “25 Years to the Settlement”. As noted in The Forward, “The kibbutz founders had a strong admiration for the Communist system in the Soviet Union.”

But the author of that article, Aharon Cohen, adds another mystery to Sanders’ kibbutz stay. His biography includes several interesting aspects. He set up Hakibbutz Ha'artzi's Arab Department. Mapam advocated an undivided and Socialist Palestine and he went around lecturing and publishing articles in favor of good relations with Arabs. 

In 1942, he was responsible for having Mapam joining the League for Jewish Arab Rapprochement and Cooperation. In July 1947, he testified before the UNSCOP as the League’s official spokesperson and its secretary and got into an argument, demanding his right to read out a 20-page document that had already been presented to the committee members. As regards the territorial question of the future state of Palestine, Cohen added that “the relationship between Jews and Arabs and their problem has to be solved in a non-partitioned Palestine.”

Oddly enough, the English-language Wikipedia biography does not contain any reference to Cohen’s jail term. Details are in the Hebrew version.  And a Jake Pickering mentions the incident.

In 1958, he was arrested on suspicion of maintaining contact with a foreign agent, a member of the Soviet consular staff. He was charged with passing information and was sentenced in 1961 to a five-year jail term. He was pardoned and released early in 1963. Many believed he was simply continuing his pre-state idealistic vision, attempting to convince the Soviets that Jews and Arabs could reside peacefully in a bi-national state. Others, that Cohen was a victim of the GSS (then, the Shabak).

Could Sanders have been attracted by the affair? Did he come specifically to gain an impression of Cohen and his vision?

The research continues.

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Before Gush Emunim, There Was HaShomer HaTzair

On February 14, 1947, the HaShomer HaTzair movement founded its new kibbutz, Revadim, in Gush Etzion and at the founding ceremony a declaration was read out:

The Declaration reads, in part:

Listen O Nahalin!  Listen to the voices of your sons!  We have come unto you this day, to find in you a homeland, and a home.  At a time when from our shores just last night, persecuted brothers were expelled when but on the previous day hundreds of hands knocked on your gates.  Hundreds of eyes sought you out and hundreds of hearts were broken at your beaches.

You shall see the land from afar  --- that is the edict of the alienated regime.  From afar you shall come but you will not enter it.

Expulsions and strangling edicts will not overcome us.  A persecuted nation will find its way despite all obstructions that are put up to block it.  A nation requires a homeland.  The desolation of this country can only be cultivated by our hands for this is the mighty power that has stood by us.

Nahlin, receive us to your bosom as a mother for unto you we have returned, your sons.  To find in you a homeland and home...

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Marxist Dogma Doesn't Fade Away

I saw this advert for the HaShomer Hatzair gathering:



and it immediately reminded me of these posters and others of the Soviet propaganda machinery:



and even this




And I found this:-

Art in the Service of Ideology: HaShomer HaTza'ir Political Posters HaKibbutz Ha'Artzi, Engaged Art, and the Historical Background by Eli Tzur.

HaKibbutz Ha'Artzi was the settlement arm of HaShomer HaTza'ir youth movement. Established in Eastern Europe on the eve of World War I, HaShomer HaTza'ir underwent a process of ideological and political radicalization during its first two decades of existence. This process was also manifested in the artistic media. Reflecting by the atmosphere prevailing in 1920s Europe, the process was influenced by currents of pacifist, socialist revolutionary and anti-establishment artistic movements that had deep impact on artists who, as youngsters, were members of HaShomer HaTza'ir. This trend was reflected in the politics of the Yishuv mainly from the 1930s, using posters and other visual means of political propaganda. Although ready to use these works of art, the Kibbutz Ha'Artzi leadership was reluctant to exert direct pressure on artists to make them "politically useful"

Old Marxist dogmatists die hard.